The musculoskeletal system consists of a rigid framework of bones, called the skeleton, which supports the rest of the body and provides protection for important organs. The bones are connected by a series of joints where movement occurs, for example the shoulder, hip, knee and elbow joints. Joints are held in place by fibrous bands called ligaments. Muscles are attached to the bones at various points by tendons. Contraction and relaxation of the muscles allows movement of the bones so that the body can move and breathe.
The skeleton consists of:
- the skull, to which the lower jaw is attached—the skull encloses and protects the brain
- the spine or vertebral column—encloses and protects the spinal cord
- the rib cage, which protects the lungs and heart
- the upper limb bones
- the pelvis and lower limb bones.