Signs and symptoms
Some bites, stings and penetrating injuries from various creatures may show signs of bleeding or result in irritation or pain at the site of injection. Refer to the Venomous sea creatures section of this module for a list of signs and symptoms specific to the most commonly encountered venomous sea creatures at Australian beaches.
Management
There are four main treatments for venomous bites and stings by either sea- or land-based creatures which are outlined below.
Refer to the Venomous sea creatures section of this module to note which treatment is used for which marine creature.
For all venomous bites and stings, you should monitor the person for signs of an allergic reaction as well as refer them to a hospital if the bite or sting is to their face or tongue, or if they present the signs and symptoms of anaphylaxis.